Nematodes

Cyst nematode

Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride at 5 g + 5 g per kg of seed manages the cyst nematode, Heterodera cajani.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Redgram – Nematode management, p. 131

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Damping off and wilt

Damping off (nursery): treat seeds with Trichoderma asperellum at 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/kg 24 hours before sowing, apply P. fluorescens to soil at 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg of FYM, and avoid water stagnation. Fusarial wilt and root knot nematode: solarize the soil before preparing the nursery bed; use P. fluorescens as seed treatment (10 g/kg), nursery application (20 g/m²), seedling dip (5 g/l) and soil application (2.5 kg with 50 kg FYM per hectare at 30 days after transplanting).

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Tomato – Diseases (Damping off; Fusarial wilt & root knot nematode), pp. 61–62

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Reniform nematode

Apply VAM culture (Glomus fasciculatum) at 100 g/m² in the nursery, and use Azospirillum and phosphobacteria as seed treatment, seedling dip and field application, to reduce the reniform nematode population.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Ragi – Special problems (iv), p. 97

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Damping off and nematodes

Treat seeds with Trichoderma asperellum at 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/kg 24 hours before sowing, apply P. fluorescens to soil at 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg FYM, and avoid water stagnation. For nematodes with damping off, use Trichoderma seed treatment with pressmud at 5 kg/m², and Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/m².

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Brinjal – Diseases (Damping off; nematode complex), pp. 66–67

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Chemical pesticides: ask before you spray

The source lists chemical sprays for fruit borers, leafhopper, aphids, mites, whiteflies, powdery mildew and nematodes. Many are hazardous, and some may be restricted. Vegetables are eaten fresh, so choose any product only with your local Agriculture Officer.

Follow the instructions on the product label. Consult your local Agriculture Officer before use.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Bhendi – Plant protection, pp. 70–71

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Pests and diseases: ask before you spray

The source lists chemical sprays for thrips, root grub, nematodes and leaf spot / purple blotch. Choose any product only with your local Agriculture Officer.

Follow the instructions on the product label. Consult your local Agriculture Officer before use.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Big onion – Plant protection, pp. 151–152

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Pests and nematodes

The source says carrot is not much affected by pests. For nematodes: neem cake 1 t/ha at planting; or a mustard bio-fumigation crop followed by neem cake 250 kg/ha with Purpureocillium lilacinus 5 kg/ha. A leaf-spot spray (chemical) is also listed — ask your officer before using it.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Carrot – Plant protection (nematode), p. 129

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Nematode

Apply neem cake at 30 g per plant as a spot treatment 10 days before sowing, and Pseudomonas fluorescens 2.5 kg/ha to the soil.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Snake gourd – Plant protection (nematode), p. 85

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Root-knot nematode

Treat seed with Pseudomonas fluorescens at 50 g/kg, then apply 100 g per pit with 50 g neem cake or 50 kg FYM per pit.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Pumpkin – Plant protection (nematode), p. 83

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Nematode

Apply neem cake at 30 g per plant as a spot treatment 10 days before sowing, and Pseudomonas fluorescens 2.5 kg/ha to the soil.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Ash gourd – Plant protection (nematode), p. 97

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Pests and diseases: ask before you spray

The source lists chemical treatments for powdery mildew, anthracnose, die-back and fruit rot, nematodes and sucking pests (growth-regulator sprays are also listed). Choose any product only with your local Horticulture or Agriculture Officer.

Follow the instructions on the product label. Consult your local Agriculture Officer before use.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Capsicum – Diseases; nematodes and sucking pests, p. 80

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-05

Pests and diseases: non-chemical measures in the source

Cutworms: summer ploughing, light traps (7–10 pm), pheromone traps (8/acre), hand-collecting larvae, NSKE 5% or Bacillus thuringiensis 2 g/l. Tuber moth: healthy tubers planted 15 cm deep, pheromone traps (5/acre), earthing up, and covering stored seed tubers with lantana or eucalyptus branches. Nematodes: do not grow potato year after year in the same field. Late blight and brown rot: use disease-free seed, good drainage, and remove affected plants. Viruses: use virus-free seed and pull out affected plants.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Potato – Plant protection (non-chemical measures), pp. 135–137

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Chemicals: ask before you use

The source also lists chemical rhizome treatments and sprays for rhizome rot, scales, thrips, nematodes and leaf spots. Choose any product only with your local Agriculture Officer.

Follow the instructions on the product label. Consult your local Agriculture Officer before use.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Turmeric – Transplants technology; plant protection, pp. 171–173

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Foot rot and nematodes: biological measures in the source

Foot rot in the nursery: mix Trichoderma asperellum or Pseudomonas fluorescens at 1 g per kg of pot mixture. In the field, packages applied twice (May–June and October–November) include neem cake 500 g per vine with Bordeaux paste on the stem up to 1 m, or Trichoderma 20 g per vine with FYM. Nematodes: Bacillus subtilis or Pseudomonas fluorescens 10 g per vine to the soil.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Pepper – Diseases (foot rot); nematode, pp. 166–167

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-05

Pests and diseases: ask before you spray

The source lists chemical treatments for thrips, nematodes, purple blotch and clove rot, and a weedicide. For nematodes it also lists the bio-agent Paecilomyces lilacinus at 2.5 kg/ha. Choose any chemical only with your local Horticulture or Agriculture Officer.

Follow the instructions on the product label. Consult your local Agriculture Officer before use.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Garlic – Plant protection; diseases, pp. 154–155

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Nematodes, Panama wilt and Sigatoka: non-chemical measures

Nematodes: sow sunnhemp on the 45th day and incorporate it a month later; apply pressmud 15 t/ha and neem cake 1.5 t/ha one month after planting; intercrop marigold at 4:1. Pseudomonas fluorescens liquid formulation at 4 l/ha through drip at the 2nd, 4th and 6th month manages Panama wilt and nematodes. Panama wilt: uproot and destroy badly affected plants and apply 1–2 kg lime in the pit. Sigatoka leaf spot: remove affected leaves and burn them.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Banana – Nematode; Panama disease; Sigatoka, pp. 11–12

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Pests and nematodes: non-chemical measures

Mealybug: release Cryptolaemus predatory beetles at 10 per tree. Fruit fly: collect and destroy fallen fruits and install methyl eugenol traps at 4 per acre. Neem oil 3% is listed against tea mosquito bug and fruit fly. Root-knot nematode spreads through infested planting material: use air layers and sterilised or soil-less media (vermiculite, coir pith) in the nursery, grow marigold around the basin, and apply Purpureocillium lilacinum 60 g with 5 kg FYM and 250 g neem cake per tree once in three months.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Guava – Plant protection (pests, nematodes), p. 29

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Ringspot virus, root rot and nematodes

Papaya ringspot: raise seedlings in an insect-proof net house, grow two rows of maize as a border crop one month before transplanting, and apply 10 kg FYM per pit. Root rot appears in waterlogged areas, so good drainage is vital. Against nematodes, apply neem cake 250 g per plant or Pseudomonas fluorescens 4 g per plant.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Papaya – Plant protection (nematodes, root rot, ringspot), p. 34

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Fruit borer, aphids and nematodes: non-chemical measures

Aphids: release green lacewing larvae (Chrysoperla) at 50 per flowering branch, four times at 10-day intervals from flower initiation. Fruit borer: remove the calyx where possible to discourage egg laying, cover fruits with neem-oil-dipped cloth bags during flowering, spray neem oil 3% or NSKE 5% when butterflies are active, and release Trichogramma chilonis at 1 lakh per acre at the marble stage. Root-knot nematode spreads through infested planting material: use air layers and sterilised or soil-less nursery media.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Pomegranate – Pests; nematode management, pp. 37–38

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Pests, diseases and hormones: ask before you spray

Remove loose bark at pruning to stop pests laying eggs. The source lists chemical sprays for flea beetles, nematodes, powdery mildew, downy mildew, anthracnose, rust and bacterial leaf spot, and a schedule of growth hormones (GA3 and others) for berry size. Hormone timing and dose are critical — for example, the source warns against GA3 in cloudy weather and from full bloom to fruit set. Choose any product only with your local Horticulture Officer.

Follow the instructions on the product label. Consult your local Agriculture Officer before use.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Grapes – Plant protection; quality improvement, pp. 24–27

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Pests and slow decline

Neem seed kernel extract 5% and neem oil 3% are listed against sweet orange pests. For slow decline caused by the citrus root nematode, apply Pseudomonas fluorescens at 20 g per tree, 15 cm deep and 50 cm from the trunk.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Sweet Orange – Pests; citrus root nematode, p. 18

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Pests and diseases: non-chemical measures in the source

NSKE 5%, neem cake extract 5% and neem oil 3% are listed for several pests. Fruit flies: bag fruits in degradable polythene bags punctured at the bottom. Tristeza virus: plant pre-immunized seedlings and remove and destroy infected trees. Slow decline from citrus root nematode: Pseudomonas fluorescens 20 g per tree, 15 cm deep and 50 cm from the trunk, once in four months.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Acid Lime – Plant protection (non-chemical measures), pp. 15–16

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Pests and diseases: ask before you spray

The source lists chemical treatments for leaf miner, aphids, rust mite, fruit-sucking moth, shoot borer, citrus butterfly, psyllid, fruit fly, mealybugs, nematodes, twig blight, scab and canker, and growth-regulator sprays for fruit set. Choose any product only with your local Horticulture or Agriculture Officer.

Follow the instructions on the product label. Consult your local Agriculture Officer before use.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Acid Lime – Plant protection, pp. 15–16

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Pests and diseases: ask before you spray

Yellowing of leaves has three main causes: iron deficiency, nematodes and root rot. The source lists chemical treatments for bud worm, blossom midge, red spider mite, nematodes, root rot and Alternaria leaf spot. It also lists Pseudomonas fluorescens: 25 g/m² to the soil and a 5 g/l foliar spray monthly after planting. Choose any chemical only with your local Horticulture or Agriculture Officer.

Follow the instructions on the product label. Consult your local Agriculture Officer before use.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Malligai – Plant protection, pp. 250–251

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-05

Pests and diseases: ask before you spray

Avoid planting crossandra in nematode-infested fields. The source lists chemical treatments for aphids, nematodes and wilt. Choose any product only with your local Horticulture or Agriculture Officer.

Follow the instructions on the product label. Consult your local Agriculture Officer before use.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Crossandra – Plant protection, pp. 254–255

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Nematodes: biological measures in the source

Root-knot nematode: treat bulbs with Pochonia chlamydosporia at 1 kg/ha, then apply 2.5 kg/ha to the soil mixed with 100 kg FYM. Foliar nematode: soak bulbs overnight in neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) before planting.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Tuberose – Plant protection (nematodes), p. 260

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Pests and diseases: ask before you spray

The source lists chemical treatments for thrips, aphids, root-knot nematode, weeds and basal/stem rot. Choose any product only with your local Horticulture or Agriculture Officer.

Follow the instructions on the product label. Consult your local Agriculture Officer before use.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Tuberose – Plant protection, p. 260

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-04

Diseases and disorders: non-chemical measures in the source

Bud rot: scoop out infected tissue and treat with Bordeaux paste; remove and destroy affected palms and bunches. Foot rot: isolate affected palms with trenches, cut and destroy severely affected palms, pull out stumps and improve drainage. Stem breaking: wrap the green part of the stem exposed to the south-west sun. Yellow leaf disease: balanced nutrients with extra superphosphate, 1 kg lime and 12 kg organic manure per palm per year. Nematodes: Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis 10 g each. Chemical sprays for mites, spindle bug and leaf spot and Bordeaux drenches are also listed — ask your officer.

Source

Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Arecanut – Plant protection, p. 224

Region

Tamil Nadu

Last updated

2026-11-05