Biological control
The advice below comes from each crop's guide — every item shows its source, region and date. It is pending expert review; ask your local officer whether it suits your area.
Crops with advice (62)
Tap a crop to open its advice.
Paddy2 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Seed treatment with Pseudomonas Treat the seeds with talc-based Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g per kg of seed and soak in 1 litre of water overnight. Drain the excess water, let the seeds sprout for 24 hours, and then sow. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Transplanted rice – Seed treatment (d), p. 17
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Stem borer: egg parasitoid Release the egg parasitoid Trichogramma japonicum three times at weekly intervals from 37 days after transplanting, at 1,00,000 per hectare per release, when moth activity is observed. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Rice – Stem borer management, p. 51
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Maize4 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Fall armyworm: prevention and non-chemical measures Apply neem cake at 250 kg/ha during the last ploughing, and treat seeds with Beauveria bassiana at 10 g/kg. Use spacing of 60 x 25 cm for irrigated and 45 x 20 cm for rainfed maize, leaving a 75 cm gap after every 10 rows. Raise border crops of cowpea, sunflower or gingelly, and intercrop with black gram or green gram, to attract and conserve natural enemies. Raise a border crop of Bajra Napier for irrigated maize, or grain sorghum for rainfed maize, to attract the moths. Use a solar light trap (1 per hectare) and sex pheromone traps (50 per hectare) from 10–15 days after sowing. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Maize – Pest management (Fall armyworm), p. 113
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Fall armyworm: botanical and biological sprays At the early whorl stage (15–20 days after sowing), azadirachtin 1% EC at 20 ml per 10 litres is listed. At the late whorl stage (40–45 days), Metarhizium anisopliae at 80 g per 10 litres (1 x 10^8 cfu/g) is listed. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Maize – Pest management (Fall armyworm), p. 113
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Shoot fly and borers: non-chemical measures For shoot fly, set up low-cost fish meal traps at 12 per hectare until the crop is 30 days old. For borers, the source lists releasing the egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis at 12 cc/ha three times at weekly intervals, coinciding with the egg-laying period, and conserving the larval parasitoid Cotesia flavipes. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Maize – Pest management (Shoot fly, borers), p. 113
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Post-flowering stalk rot Follow crop rotation. Avoid water stress at flowering time to reduce the disease. Avoid nutrient stress, and apply potash at 80 kg/ha in endemic areas. Apply Pseudomonas fluorescens or Trichoderma asperellum at 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg of well-decomposed FYM or sand to the soil at 30 days after sowing. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Maize – Disease management (Post-flowering stalk rot), p. 114
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Jowar1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Disease prevention Adjust the sowing period to prevent flowering during the rainy and winter seasons (this helps against grain diseases such as ergot and head mould). Rogue out downy mildew–infected plants up to 45 days after sowing. Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/kg or Trichoderma viride at 4 g/kg of seed is also listed. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Sorghum – Disease management, p. 78
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Red gram5 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Seed treatment with bio-control agents Treat seed with talc formulation of Trichoderma viride at 4 g per kg of seed, or Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g per kg of seed. Bio-control agents are compatible with biofertilizers: first treat the seeds with the bio-control agent and then with Rhizobium. Fungicides and bio-control agents are not compatible. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Redgram – Seed treatment, p. 127
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Seed treatment with biofertilizers Seeds treated with fungicide or bio-control agents should be treated again with bacterial culture after 24 hours. Treat the seed needed for one hectare with 200 g each of Rhizobial culture, phosphobacteria and PGPR (Pseudomonas sp.) using rice gruel, and shade-dry before sowing. If seed treatment is not done, mix 2 kg each of Rhizobial culture, phosphobacteria and PGPR with 25 kg of FYM and 25 kg of sand and apply uniformly before sowing. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Redgram – Treatment of the seeds with biofertilizer, p. 127
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Pod borers: biological options Biological options listed for pod borers, plume moth and pod fly include Helicoverpa NPV (HaNPV) at 3 x 10^12 POB per hectare in 0.1% teepol, and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki 5% WP at 1000–1250 g per hectare. Sprays should be made when the larvae are up to the third instar (young larvae). Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Redgram – Pest management strategies, p. 130
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Wilt (Fusarium udum) Apply Pseudomonas fluorescens or Trichoderma asperellum at 2.5 kg per hectare, mixed with 50 kg of well-decomposed FYM or sand, to the soil at 30 days after sowing. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Redgram – Disease management (Wilt), p. 131
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Cyst nematode Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride at 5 g + 5 g per kg of seed manages the cyst nematode, Heterodera cajani. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Redgram – Nematode management, p. 131
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Groundnut2 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Seed treatment with bio-control agents Treat the seeds with talc formulation of Trichoderma viride at 4 g per kg of seed or Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g per kg of seed. Treat with bio-control agents first and then with Rhizobium. Seeds treated with bio-control agents should not be treated with fungicides. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Groundnut (rainfed) – Seed treatment (i), p. 186
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Root rot Apply Pseudomonas fluorescens at 2.5 kg per hectare with 50 kg of well-decomposed FYM or sand to the soil at 30 days after sowing. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Groundnut – Disease management (Root rot), p. 196
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Cotton1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Seed treatment with bio-control agent and biofertilizers Treat delinted seed with talc formulation of Trichoderma viride at 4 g per kg of seed. Treat with the bio-control agent first and then with biofertilizers: 3 packets (600 g) of Azospirillum and 3 packets (600 g) of phosphobacteria, or 6 packets (1200 g) of Azophos, and sow immediately. Fungicides and bio-control agents are not compatible. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Cotton – Pre-treatment of delinted seeds, p. 261
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Chilli3 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Seed treatment Treat the seeds with Trichoderma viride at 4 g per kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g per kg of seed before sowing. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Chilli – Seed treatment, p. 73
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Fruit borer and thrips: non-chemical measures For fruit borer, set up pheromone traps for Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura at 12 per hectare, collect and destroy damaged fruits and grown-up caterpillars, and spray Bacillus thuringiensis at 2 g per litre. For thrips, grow agathi as an intercrop. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Chilli – Plant protection (Fruit borer, thrips), pp. 75–76
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Damping off (nursery) Treat seeds with Trichoderma asperellum at 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/kg 24 hours before sowing. Apply P. fluorescens to the soil at 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg of FYM, and avoid water stagnation. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Chilli – Diseases (Damping off), p. 77
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Tomato4 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Seed treatment Treat the seeds with Trichoderma viride at 4 g or Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g per kg of seed, 24 hours before sowing. Just before sowing, treat the seeds with Azospirillum at 40 g per 400 g of seed. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Tomato – Seed treatment, p. 57
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Fruit borer: non-chemical measures Grow tall American marigold as a trap crop: plant 40-day-old marigold and 25-day-old tomato seedlings at the same time, in a 1:16 row ratio. Set up pheromone traps at 12 per hectare. Collect and destroy damaged fruits and grown-up caterpillars. Release Trichogramma chilonis at 1 lakh per hectare every 7 days from flower initiation. Spray HaNPV at 1.5 x 10^12 POB per hectare, or azadirachtin 1% EC at 2 ml per litre, or Bacillus thuringiensis at 2 g per litre in the evening. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Tomato – Plant protection (Fruit borer), pp. 59–60
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Damping off and wilt Damping off (nursery): treat seeds with Trichoderma asperellum at 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/kg 24 hours before sowing, apply P. fluorescens to soil at 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg of FYM, and avoid water stagnation. Fusarial wilt and root knot nematode: solarize the soil before preparing the nursery bed; use P. fluorescens as seed treatment (10 g/kg), nursery application (20 g/m²), seedling dip (5 g/l) and soil application (2.5 kg with 50 kg FYM per hectare at 30 days after transplanting). Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Tomato – Diseases (Damping off; Fusarial wilt & root knot nematode), pp. 61–62
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
IPM package for tomato Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens (10 g/kg); nursery application of Trichoderma viride and P. fluorescens; neem cake at 250 kg/ha; soil application of P. fluorescens at 2.5 kg/ha; select good, virus-free seedlings; rogue out virus-infected plants up to 45 days after transplanting; grow marigold as a border crop; Helicoverpa and Spodoptera pheromone traps at 12 per hectare; release Trichogramma chilonis at 50,000 per hectare; yellow sticky traps; and neem formulations (1%) or neem seed kernel extract (5%). Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Tomato – IPM package, p. 62
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Mango2 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Pests: non-chemical and biological measures Remove criss-cross branches, infested shoots and dense branches. Hoppers: apply Metarhizium anisopliae or Beauveria bassiana (10^8 cfu/ml) on the tree trunk once in the off-season and twice at 7-day intervals in the flowering season. Mealy bug: release the Australian ladybird beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri at 10 beetles per tree, and band the trees with 20 cm wide degradable polythene sheets. Stem borer: remove and kill the grub mechanically with a needle or wire. Fruit fly: plough the interspaces to expose pupae, collect and destroy fallen fruits, and keep methyl eugenol traps at 25 per hectare. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Mango – Plant protection: pests
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Sooty mould and anthracnose Sooty mould: spray maida 5% (boil 1 kg maida or starch in 1 litre of water and dilute to 20 litres); avoid spraying in cloudy weather. Anthracnose: Pseudomonas fluorescens at 5 g per litre can be sprayed immediately after flowering, five times at 21-day intervals. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Mango – Diseases (Sooty mould; anthracnose)
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Marigold1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Precision production with hybrids Under the precision production technology, hybrid seed is sown throughout the year at 100 g per acre, in pro-trays. 20-day-old seedlings are transplanted on raised beds at 90 x 22.5 cm (44,400 plants per hectare), after treating them with Pseudomonas fluorescens at 0.5%. Apply 2 kg each of Azospirillum and phosphobacteria per hectare at planting, mixed with 100 kg of FYM. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Marigold – Precision production technology (hybrid), pp. 258–259
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Bengal gram3 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Seed treatment Treat seed with talc formulation of Trichoderma viride at 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/kg, then with one packet (200 g/ha) each of Rhizobium and phosphobacteria, using rice kanji as binder; shade-dry for 15 minutes before sowing. If seed treatment is not done, apply 2 kg each of Rhizobium and phosphobacteria with 25 kg of FYM and 25 kg of soil before sowing. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Bengalgram – Seed treatment & biofertilizer, p. 163
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Gram caterpillar: non-chemical and biological measures Set up pheromone traps for Helicoverpa armigera at 12 per hectare and bird perches at 50 per hectare. Collect grown-up larvae and blister beetles by hand. Spray HaNPV at 3 x 10^12 POB per hectare in 0.1% teepol, or Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki 5% WP at 1000–1250 g per hectare, while the larvae are young (up to the third instar). Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Bengalgram – Gram caterpillar management, p. 164
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Wilt and root rot Apply Pseudomonas fluorescens (or Trichoderma asperellum for root rot) at 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg of well-decomposed FYM or sand to the soil. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Bengalgram – Disease management (Wilt, root rot), p. 165
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Green gram2 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Seed treatment with bio-control agents and biofertilizers Treat seed with talc formulation of Trichoderma viride at 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/kg, then with Rhizobium. For one hectare of seed, use 200 g each of Rhizobium, phosphobacteria and PGPR with rice gruel and shade-dry before sowing. If seed treatment is not done, mix 2 kg each of these with 25 kg of FYM and 25 kg of sand and apply before sowing. Fungicides and bio-control agents are not compatible. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Greengram – Seed treatment, pp. 145–146
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Root rot Apply zinc sulphate at 25 kg/ha and neem cake at 150 kg/ha basally. Apply Pseudomonas fluorescens or Trichoderma asperellum at 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg of well-decomposed FYM or sand to the soil at 30 days after sowing. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Greengram – Disease management (Root rot), p. 150
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Black gram1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Seed treatment Treat seed with talc formulation of Trichoderma viride at 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/kg, then with Rhizobium. For one hectare of seed, use 200 g each of Rhizobium, phosphobacteria and PGPR with rice gruel, and shade-dry before sowing. Seed treatment protects seedlings from seed-borne pathogens, root rot and seedling diseases. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Blackgram – Seed treatment, p. 137
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Cowpea2 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Seed treatment Treat seed with talc formulation of Trichoderma viride at 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/kg, then with one packet (200 g/ha) each of Rhizobium and phosphobacteria using rice kanji as binder; shade-dry for 15 minutes before sowing. If fungicide is used instead, leave at least 24 hours before the biofertilizer treatment. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Cowpea – Seed treatment & biofertilizer, p. 154
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Root rot Apply Pseudomonas fluorescens or Trichoderma asperellum at 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg of well-decomposed FYM or sand to the soil. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Cowpea – Disease management (Root rot), p. 156
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Field bean1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Seed treatment Treat seed with talc formulation of Trichoderma viride at 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/kg, then with Rhizobium culture (three packets are enough for one hectare), prepared with rice kanji; shade-dry for 15 minutes before sowing. If a fungicide (carbendazim or thiram at 2 g/kg) is used instead, leave at least 24 hours before the bacterial culture. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Field lab-lab – Seed treatment, p. 172
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Sesame2 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Seed treatment Treat the seed with Trichoderma at 4 g/kg just before sowing (such seed should not be treated with fungicides). Treat one hectare of seed with 600 g each of Azospirillum and phosphobacteria (or 600 g Azophos), and apply 2 kg of each with 25 kg FYM and 25 kg sand to the soil before sowing. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Sesame – Seed treatment; application of Azospirillum, pp. 200–201
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Root rot and phyllody Root rot: apply Pseudomonas fluorescens or Trichoderma asperellum at 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg of well-decomposed FYM or sand at 30 days after sowing. Phyllody (spread by a leafhopper): remove and destroy infected plants; neem seed kernel extract 5% or neem oil 2% against the vector, combined with intercropping sesame + red gram (6:1). Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Sesame – Disease management (Root rot, phyllody), p. 203
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Sunflower1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Seed treatment For rainfed sowing, soak seeds in 2% ZnSO4 for 12 hours and shade-dry. Treat seed with Trichoderma at 4 g/kg just before sowing (do not also use fungicides). Treat the seed for one hectare with 600 g each of Azospirillum and phosphobacteria (or 600 g Azophos) using rice gruel, shade-dry for 30 minutes and sow immediately. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Sunflower – Seed treatment, p. 218
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Castor1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Semilooper Encourage the activity of the larval parasitoid Microplitis maculipennis. Azadirachtin 0.03% (1000 ml per hectare) is listed as a spray option. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Castor – Pest management (Semilooper), p. 210
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Soybean2 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Seed treatment Treat seed with talc formulation of Trichoderma viride at 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/kg, then with Rhizobium. At least 24 hours before sowing, treat the seed for one hectare with 3 packets (600 g) of Rhizobium and 3 packets (600 g) of phosphobacteria using rice kanji, and shade-dry for 15 minutes. Coating seed with ZnSO4 at 300 mg/kg (using 10% maida solution as adhesive) increases field stand. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Soyabean – Seed treatment with biofertilizer; zinc coating, pp. 174–175
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Caterpillars and yellow mosaic For caterpillars (Spodoptera, Helicoverpa, semilooper and others), Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki at 500–750 g per hectare is listed as a biological option. For yellow mosaic virus (spread by whitefly), rogue out infected plants up to 30 days after sowing. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Soyabean – Crop protection, p. 177
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Brinjal3 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Seed treatment Treat the seeds with Trichoderma viride at 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/kg, and with Azospirillum at 40 g per 400 g of seed using rice gruel as adhesive. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Brinjal – Seed treatment, p. 63
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Shoot and fruit borer, whitefly and beetles: IPM Shoot and fruit borer: clip and destroy affected shoot tips with bore holes and affected fruits; avoid synthetic pyrethroids; spray neem seed kernel extract 5% from one month after planting at 15-day intervals; monitor moths with pheromone traps and release Trichogramma after each brood. Whitefly: yellow sticky traps at 12 per hectare, neem oil 3% with teepol 1 ml/l, and maize as a border crop. Epilachna beetle: collect and destroy beetles, grubs and pupae. Aphids: release green lacewing larvae (Chrysoperla) at 10,000 per hectare. Apply neem cake at 250 kg/ha. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Brinjal – Pests; IPM package, pp. 65–67
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Damping off and nematodes Treat seeds with Trichoderma asperellum at 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/kg 24 hours before sowing, apply P. fluorescens to soil at 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg FYM, and avoid water stagnation. For nematodes with damping off, use Trichoderma seed treatment with pressmud at 5 kg/m², and Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/m². Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Brinjal – Diseases (Damping off; nematode complex), pp. 66–67
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Okra2 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Seed treatment Treat the seeds with Trichoderma viride at 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/kg, then with 400 g of Azospirillum using starch as adhesive, and dry in shade for 20 minutes. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Bhendi – Seed treatment, p. 69
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Fruit borers, whitefly and yellow vein mosaic: IPM Set up pheromone traps at 12 per hectare and collect and destroy affected fruits. Release the egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis at 1.0 lakh per hectare, green lacewing larvae at 10,000 per hectare, and Chelonus blackburnii and Bracon brevicornis at 1000 adults each per hectare three times at fortnightly intervals from flower initiation. Spray Bacillus thuringiensis at 2 g/l. Grow maize as a border crop against whiteflies, use yellow sticky traps, and periodically remove yellow vein mosaic–infected plants. Apply neem cake at 250 kg/ha and neem formulations. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Bhendi – IPM; IPM package, pp. 71–72
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Onion1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Seed treatment Treat the seed with Azospirillum using rice gruel as adhesive and dry in shade for 30 minutes before sowing. Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/kg of seed is also listed. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Big onion – Seed rate & sowing; seed treatment, pp. 151–152
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Cabbage1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Pests and diseases: non-chemical measures in the source Aphids: yellow sticky traps (12/ha) to monitor; neem oil 3%. Diamondback moth: grow mustard as a trap crop (cabbage to mustard at 20:1), set pheromone traps (12/ha), and spray Bacillus thuringiensis 2 g/l or NSKE 5% at the early stage. Club root: Pseudomonas fluorescens 10 g/kg seed, seedling dip 5 g/l and 2.5 kg/ha in the soil with 50 kg FYM; rotate crops and avoid cabbage-family crops for three years. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Cabbage – Plant protection (non-chemical measures), pp. 121–123
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Cauliflower1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Pests and diseases: non-chemical measures in the source Aphids: yellow sticky traps (12/ha); neem oil 3%. Diamondback moth: mustard as a trap crop (20:1), pheromone traps (12/ha), NSKE 5%. Club root: Pseudomonas fluorescens 10 g/kg seed, seedling dip 5 g/l and 2.5 kg/ha in the soil with 50 kg FYM before planting. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Cauliflower – Plant protection (non-chemical measures), pp. 126–127
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Carrot1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Pests and nematodes The source says carrot is not much affected by pests. For nematodes: neem cake 1 t/ha at planting; or a mustard bio-fumigation crop followed by neem cake 250 kg/ha with Purpureocillium lilacinus 5 kg/ha. A leaf-spot spray (chemical) is also listed — ask your officer before using it. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Carrot – Plant protection (nematode), p. 129
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Cucumber2 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Sowing and irrigation Plough four times and form long channels 1.5 m apart. Sow 2.5 kg/ha of seed treated with Trichoderma viride 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens 10 g/kg (a fungicide option is also listed) on one side of the channel, 0.6 m between hills; thin to 2 plants per hill. Irrigate before sowing, then weekly. With drip, sow 60 cm apart along the lateral on 120 cm raised beds, and keep polybag seedlings for gap filling. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Cucumber – Preparation of field; season and sowing; irrigation, p. 98
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Fertilizer Apply FYM 40 t/ha as basal and 35 kg N/ha 30 days after sowing. Before the last ploughing, apply Azospirillum and phosphobacteria 2 kg/ha each and Pseudomonas 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg FYM and 100 kg neem cake per hectare. Fertigation for F1 hybrids: 150:75:75 kg NPK/ha in split doses, with 75% of the phosphorus as basal. Hoe and weed two or three times. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Cucumber – Application of fertilizers; fertigation, p. 98
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Bottle gourd2 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Sowing and irrigation Seed rate: varieties 2 kg/ha, hybrid 1 kg/ha. Treat seed with Trichoderma viride 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens 10 g/kg (a fungicide option is also listed). Dig 30 x 30 x 30 cm pits at 2.5 x 2 m; sow 3 seeds per pit and thin to 2 after 15 days. Irrigate before sowing, then weekly. With drip, 15-day-old seedlings from protrays or polybags are planted on 120 cm raised beds. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Bottle gourd – Season and sowing; seed rate; preparation of field; irrigation, p. 89
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Fertilizer Per pit: 10 kg FYM and 100 g of 6:12:12 NPK mixture as basal, then 10 g N per pit 30 days after sowing. Before the last ploughing, apply Azospirillum and phosphobacteria 2 kg/ha each and Pseudomonas 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg FYM and 100 kg neem cake per hectare. Fertigation for hybrids: 200:100:100 kg NPK/ha in split doses through the crop. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Bottle gourd – Application of fertilizers; fertigation, pp. 89–90
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Bitter gourd2 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Sowing and irrigation Seed rate: varieties 2.2 kg/ha, hybrid 1.5 kg/ha. Treat seed with Trichoderma viride 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens 10 g/kg (a fungicide option is also listed). Dig 30 x 30 x 30 cm pits at 2 x 1.5 m and form basins; sow 3 seeds per pit and thin to 2 after 15 days. Irrigate before sowing, then weekly. Raising seedlings in small polybags (10 x 10 cm) and transplanting at 15 days gives earlier harvest and fewer gaps. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Bitter gourd – Season and sowing; seed rate; preparation of field; quality seedling production, p. 92
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Fertilizer Per pit: 10 kg FYM and 100 g of 6:12:12 NPK mixture as basal, then 10 g N per pit 30 days after sowing. Before the last ploughing, apply Azospirillum and phosphobacteria 2 kg/ha each and Pseudomonas 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg FYM and 100 kg neem cake per hectare. Fertigation for hybrids: 200:100:100 kg NPK/ha in split doses through the crop. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Bitter gourd – Application of fertilizers; fertigation, p. 92
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Ridge gourd2 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Sowing and irrigation Seed rate: varieties 2 kg/ha, hybrids 1 kg/ha. Treat seed with Trichoderma viride 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens 10 g/kg. Dig 30 x 30 x 30 cm pits at 2.5 x 2 m and form basins; sow 3 seeds per pit and thin to 2 after 15 days. Irrigate before sowing, then weekly. For hybrids with drip, the source gives 45 cm pits at 1.5 m between rows and 2 m between plants; seedlings raised in polybags for 15 days can also be planted. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Ribbed gourd – Seed rate; preparation of field; irrigation; sowing, pp. 86–87
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Fertilizer Per pit: 10 kg FYM and 100 g of 6:12:12 NPK mixture as basal, then 10 g N per pit 30 days after sowing. Before the last ploughing, apply Azospirillum and phosphobacteria 2 kg/ha each and Pseudomonas 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg FYM and 100 kg neem cake per hectare. Fertigation for hybrids: 250:100:100 kg NPK/ha in split doses through the crop. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Ribbed gourd – Application of fertilizers; fertigation, pp. 86–87
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Snake gourd3 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Sowing and irrigation Seed rate: 1.5 kg/ha. Dig 30 x 30 x 30 cm pits at 2.5 x 2 m and form basins. Treat seed with Trichoderma viride 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens 10 g/kg (a fungicide option is also listed). Sow 3 seeds per pit; thin to 2 after 15 days. Irrigate the basins before sowing, then once a week. With drip, 12-day-old protray seedlings are planted 60 cm apart on 120 cm raised beds. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Snake gourd – Season and sowing; seed rate; preparation of field; irrigation, p. 84
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Fertilizer Per pit: 10 kg FYM and 100 g of 6:12:12 NPK mixture as basal, then 10 g N per pit 30 days after sowing. Before the last ploughing, apply Azospirillum and phosphobacteria 2 kg/ha each and Pseudomonas 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg FYM and 100 kg neem cake per hectare. With fertigation: 75:100:100 kg NPK/ha in split doses, with 75% of the phosphorus as superphosphate at planting. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Snake gourd – Application of fertilizers; fertigation, pp. 84–85
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Nematode Apply neem cake at 30 g per plant as a spot treatment 10 days before sowing, and Pseudomonas fluorescens 2.5 kg/ha to the soil. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Snake gourd – Plant protection (nematode), p. 85
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Pumpkin2 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Fertilizer Per pit: 10 kg FYM and 100 g of 6:12:12 NPK mixture as basal, then 10 g N per pit 30 days after sowing. Before the last ploughing, apply Azospirillum and phosphobacteria 2 kg/ha each and Pseudomonas 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg FYM and 100 kg neem cake per hectare. With fertigation: 60:30:30 kg NPK/ha in split doses, with 75% of the phosphorus as superphosphate at planting. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Pumpkin – Application of fertilizers; fertigation, pp. 82–83
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Root-knot nematode Treat seed with Pseudomonas fluorescens at 50 g/kg, then apply 100 g per pit with 50 g neem cake or 50 kg FYM per pit. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Pumpkin – Plant protection (nematode), p. 83
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Ash gourd2 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Seed, sowing and irrigation Seed rate: varieties 2.5 kg/ha, hybrids 1.5 kg/ha. Soak seed in water for 24 hours (1 part seed to 4 parts water), and treat with Trichoderma viride 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens 10 g/kg. Plough 3–4 times; dig 30 x 30 x 30 cm pits at 2 x 1.5 m and form basins. Irrigate before sowing, then weekly. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Ash gourd – Seed rate; pre-sowing seed treatment; preparation of field; irrigation, p. 95
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Nematode Apply neem cake at 30 g per plant as a spot treatment 10 days before sowing, and Pseudomonas fluorescens 2.5 kg/ha to the soil. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Ash gourd – Plant protection (nematode), p. 97
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
French bean1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Sowing Plains: 50 kg/ha, 2 seeds per hill at 45 x 30 cm on the sides of ridges after two ploughings. Hills: 80 kg/ha at 30 x 15 cm in lines or beds, with FYM dug in. Treat seed with Trichoderma viride 4 g/kg a day before sowing (fungicide options are also listed), and with Rhizobium where beans are grown for the first time. Irrigate after sowing, on the 3rd day, then weekly. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), French bean – Sowing; seed rate and spacing; preparation of field, p. 111
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-05
Drumstick1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Pests: non-chemical measures in the source Pod fly: fermented tomato fruit traps at 25 per hectare. Bud worm, leaf caterpillar and leaf webber: Bacillus thuringiensis 2 ml/l. Hairy caterpillars: use a flame torch when they gather on the trunk. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Annual moringa – Plant protection, p. 116
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-05
Potato1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Pests and diseases: non-chemical measures in the source Cutworms: summer ploughing, light traps (7–10 pm), pheromone traps (8/acre), hand-collecting larvae, NSKE 5% or Bacillus thuringiensis 2 g/l. Tuber moth: healthy tubers planted 15 cm deep, pheromone traps (5/acre), earthing up, and covering stored seed tubers with lantana or eucalyptus branches. Nematodes: do not grow potato year after year in the same field. Late blight and brown rot: use disease-free seed, good drainage, and remove affected plants. Viruses: use virus-free seed and pull out affected plants. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Potato – Plant protection (non-chemical measures), pp. 135–137
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Tapioca1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Whitefly and mosaic: non-chemical measures in the source Mosaic spreads through whitefly. Take planting material only from healthy plants; remove the weed host Abutilon indicum; set yellow sticky traps (12/ha); use nitrogen carefully; avoid excess irrigation; do not keep the crop beyond its duration. Neem oil 3% is also listed. Papaya mealybug: release the parasitoid Acerophagus papayae (100 per acre). Tuber rot: avoid waterlogging and provide drainage; Trichoderma asperellum 2.5 kg/ha at planting and at the 3rd and 6th months. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Tapioca – Plant protection (whitefly, mosaic, mealybug, tuber rot), pp. 141–142
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Colocasia1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Leaf blight Leaf blight can cause up to 50% loss in severe cases. Non-chemical measures in the source: field-resistant varieties (Muktakeshi, Jankhri), early planting to avoid heavy monsoon rain, healthy planting material, removing self-grown taro plants, and treating seed tubers with Trichoderma viride. Fungicide sprays and chemical dips for aphids, mealybugs and scales are also listed — ask your officer before using them. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Taro – Leaf blight management, p. 146
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Elephant foot yam1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Collar rot Caused by a soil fungus; waterlogging, poor drainage and injury at the collar favour it. Use disease-free planting material, remove infected plants, improve drainage, add neem cake, and apply Trichoderma harzianum 2.5 kg/ha mixed with 50 kg FYM. (A chemical soil drench is also listed — ask your officer.) Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Elephant foot yam – Diseases (collar rot), p. 144
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Turmeric3 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Saving seed cost with pro-tray transplants Raising transplants from single-bud rhizome pieces (5–7 g) in pro-trays gives healthy planting material and reduces the seed rhizome quantity and cost. Cut seed rhizomes into single-bud pieces a month before planting, plant them in 98-cell pro-trays filled with partly decomposed coir pith and vermicompost (75:25) enriched with PGPR or Trichoderma at 10 g/kg, keep under a 50% shade net with need-based watering, and transplant in 30–35 days. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Turmeric – Production of turmeric transplants, p. 171
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Rhizome treatment Treat seed rhizomes with Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/kg and Trichoderma viride at 4 g/kg. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Turmeric – Seed treatment, p. 171
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Rhizome scale and rhizome rot Rhizome scale: apply well-rotted sheep manure at 10 t/ha (or poultry manure) in two splits, basal and at earthing up. Rhizome rot: treat seed rhizomes with Pseudomonas fluorescens 10 g/kg or Trichoderma asperellum 4 g/kg, and apply 2.5 kg/ha each of P. fluorescens and T. asperellum with 50 kg FYM as basal and again at 150 days. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Turmeric – Pests; rhizome rot, p. 173
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Ginger1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Soft rot and rhizome rot Provide adequate drainage and select healthy, disease-free seed rhizomes. For rhizome rot, treat rhizomes with Pseudomonas fluorescens at 20 g/kg and apply 2.5 kg/ha to the soil immediately after planting and again at 45 days. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Ginger – Diseases (Soft rot; rhizome rot), p. 175
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Coriander2 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Seed and sowing Seed rate: irrigated 10–12 kg/ha, rainfed 20–25 kg/ha. Soak seed in water for 12 hours and treat with Azospirillum; Trichoderma viride is listed against wilt. Apply 10 t/ha FYM before the last ploughing, form beds and channels for irrigated crops, and sow split seeds at 20 x 15 cm. Seeds germinate in 8–15 days. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Coriander – Seed rate; seed treatment; field preparation and sowing, p. 185
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-05
Diseases: biological measures in the source Powdery mildew: seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens 10 g/kg and sprays of 2 g/l, or NSKE 5% three times at 10-day intervals from the first sign. Wilt: seed treatment with Pseudomonas 10 g/kg and 2.5 kg/ha to the soil. Chemical options for aphids, powdery mildew and grain mould are also listed — ask your officer. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Coriander – Plant protection, p. 186
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-05
Fenugreek2 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Sowing Seed rate: 12 kg/ha, treated with Azospirillum 1.5 kg and Trichoderma viride 50 g. Apply 20–25 t/ha FYM before the last ploughing, form 3.5 x 1.5 m beds and channels, and sow at 20 x 15 cm. Thin at 20–25 days to 10–15 cm, keeping 1–2 plants per hill. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Fenugreek – Seed rate; seed treatment; field preparation and sowing, p. 187
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-05
Root rot and powdery mildew Root rot: neem cake 150 kg/ha to the soil and seed treatment with Trichoderma asperellum 4 g/kg (or 5 kg/ha to the soil). Chemical drenches and sulphur options for root rot and powdery mildew are also listed — ask your officer. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Fenugreek – Plant protection, p. 188
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-05
Black pepper1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Foot rot and nematodes: biological measures in the source Foot rot in the nursery: mix Trichoderma asperellum or Pseudomonas fluorescens at 1 g per kg of pot mixture. In the field, packages applied twice (May–June and October–November) include neem cake 500 g per vine with Bordeaux paste on the stem up to 1 m, or Trichoderma 20 g per vine with FYM. Nematodes: Bacillus subtilis or Pseudomonas fluorescens 10 g per vine to the soil. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Pepper – Diseases (foot rot); nematode, pp. 166–167
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-05
Garlic2 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Cloves and planting Seed rate: 1500–1600 kg/ha of cloves. Treat with Pseudomonas and Trichoderma at 2 kg/ha. Plant cloves at 15 x 7.5 cm. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Garlic – Seed rate; seed treatment; spacing, p. 154
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Pests and diseases: ask before you spray The source lists chemical treatments for thrips, nematodes, purple blotch and clove rot, and a weedicide. For nematodes it also lists the bio-agent Paecilomyces lilacinus at 2.5 kg/ha. Choose any chemical only with your local Horticulture or Agriculture Officer. Follow the instructions on the product label. Consult your local Agriculture Officer before use. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Garlic – Plant protection; diseases, pp. 154–155
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Curry leaf1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Pests: bio-intensive measures in the source Citrus butterfly: collect and destroy larvae; Bacillus thuringiensis 1 g/l or neem oil 10 ml/l at new flush. Psyllids and leaf roller: yellow sticky traps (50/ha), a light trap (1/ha), releases of Trichogramma chilonis and Chrysoperla, NSKE 2.5% with mineral oil 0.25%, and border crops of sorghum or cowpea to keep natural enemies. Avoid sulphur sprays; a chemical leaf-spot spray is also listed — ask your officer. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Curry Leaf – Plant protection (bio-intensive IPM), pp. 158–159
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-05
Banana1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Nematodes, Panama wilt and Sigatoka: non-chemical measures Nematodes: sow sunnhemp on the 45th day and incorporate it a month later; apply pressmud 15 t/ha and neem cake 1.5 t/ha one month after planting; intercrop marigold at 4:1. Pseudomonas fluorescens liquid formulation at 4 l/ha through drip at the 2nd, 4th and 6th month manages Panama wilt and nematodes. Panama wilt: uproot and destroy badly affected plants and apply 1–2 kg lime in the pit. Sigatoka leaf spot: remove affected leaves and burn them. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Banana – Nematode; Panama disease; Sigatoka, pp. 11–12
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Guava1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Pests and nematodes: non-chemical measures Mealybug: release Cryptolaemus predatory beetles at 10 per tree. Fruit fly: collect and destroy fallen fruits and install methyl eugenol traps at 4 per acre. Neem oil 3% is listed against tea mosquito bug and fruit fly. Root-knot nematode spreads through infested planting material: use air layers and sterilised or soil-less media (vermiculite, coir pith) in the nursery, grow marigold around the basin, and apply Purpureocillium lilacinum 60 g with 5 kg FYM and 250 g neem cake per tree once in three months. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Guava – Plant protection (pests, nematodes), p. 29
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Papaya2 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Irrigation and manuring Irrigate copiously after planting, then once a week. Apply 10 kg FYM per plant as basal. From the third month, after removing unwanted sex forms, apply 50 g each of N, P and K per plant every two months. At planting, apply mycorrhizae 50 g, phosphate-solubilising bacteria 25 g, Azospirillum 50 g and Trichoderma harzianum 50 g per plant, and 20 g each of Azospirillum and phosphobacteria again at six months. Spray 0.5% zinc sulphate + 0.1% boric acid at the 4th and 8th month. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Papaya – Irrigation; application of fertilizers; micronutrients, pp. 33–34
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Ringspot virus, root rot and nematodes Papaya ringspot: raise seedlings in an insect-proof net house, grow two rows of maize as a border crop one month before transplanting, and apply 10 kg FYM per pit. Root rot appears in waterlogged areas, so good drainage is vital. Against nematodes, apply neem cake 250 g per plant or Pseudomonas fluorescens 4 g per plant. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Papaya – Plant protection (nematodes, root rot, ringspot), p. 34
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Pomegranate1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Fruit borer, aphids and nematodes: non-chemical measures Aphids: release green lacewing larvae (Chrysoperla) at 50 per flowering branch, four times at 10-day intervals from flower initiation. Fruit borer: remove the calyx where possible to discourage egg laying, cover fruits with neem-oil-dipped cloth bags during flowering, spray neem oil 3% or NSKE 5% when butterflies are active, and release Trichogramma chilonis at 1 lakh per acre at the marble stage. Root-knot nematode spreads through infested planting material: use air layers and sterilised or soil-less nursery media. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Pomegranate – Pests; nematode management, pp. 37–38
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Sweet orange1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Pests and slow decline Neem seed kernel extract 5% and neem oil 3% are listed against sweet orange pests. For slow decline caused by the citrus root nematode, apply Pseudomonas fluorescens at 20 g per tree, 15 cm deep and 50 cm from the trunk. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Sweet Orange – Pests; citrus root nematode, p. 18
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Acid lime2 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Irrigation and fertilizer per plant Water young plants every 8–10 days after the monsoon and every 5–7 days in summer. Use a double-ring basin so water never touches the trunk; avoid stagnation; use drip for new plantings. Per plant — 1st year: FYM 10 kg, N 200 g, P 100 g, K 100 g; increase every year by FYM 5 kg, N 100 g, P 25 g, K 40 g; from the 6th year: FYM 30 kg, N 600 g, P 200 g, K 300 g. Apply N in March and October, and FYM, P and K in October; Pseudomonas 20 g and VAM 200 g per plant can be added with the FYM. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Acid Lime – Irrigation; manures and fertilizers per plant, p. 14
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Pests and diseases: non-chemical measures in the source NSKE 5%, neem cake extract 5% and neem oil 3% are listed for several pests. Fruit flies: bag fruits in degradable polythene bags punctured at the bottom. Tristeza virus: plant pre-immunized seedlings and remove and destroy infected trees. Slow decline from citrus root nematode: Pseudomonas fluorescens 20 g per tree, 15 cm deep and 50 cm from the trunk, once in four months. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Acid Lime – Plant protection (non-chemical measures), pp. 15–16
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Watermelon2 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Sowing and irrigation Form long channels 2.5 m apart. Sow 3.5 kg/ha of seed treated with Trichoderma viride 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens 10 g/kg (a fungicide option is also listed) on one side of the channel, 0.9 m between hills; thin to 2 per hill after 15 days. Irrigate before sowing, then weekly. Seedlings can also be raised in polybags or protrays and transplanted at 12 days; with drip, plant 60 cm apart on 1.2 m raised beds. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Watermelon – Season and sowing; preparation of field; irrigation; nursery, p. 101
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-05
Fertilizer and weeding Basal: FYM 20 t/ha with P 55 and K 55 kg/ha; N 55 kg/ha 30 days after sowing. Before the last ploughing, apply Azospirillum and phosphobacteria 2 kg/ha each and Pseudomonas 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg FYM and 100 kg neem cake. Fertigation: 200:100:100 kg NPK/ha. Hoe and weed three times. (An Ethrel growth-regulator spray is also listed.) Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Watermelon – Application of fertilizers; fertigation; after cultivation, pp. 101–102
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-05
Muskmelon2 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Sowing and irrigation Form long channels 2.5 m apart. Sow 3 kg/ha of seed treated with Trichoderma viride 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens 10 g/kg (a fungicide option is also listed) on one side of the channel, 0.6 m between hills; thin to 2 per hill after 15 days. Irrigate before sowing, then weekly. With drip: 12-day-old protray seedlings at 1.5 m x 30 cm on 120 cm raised beds. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Muskmelon – Season of sowing; preparation of field; irrigation; sowing, pp. 103–104
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-05
Fertilizer and weeding Basal: FYM 20 t/ha and NPK 40:60:30 kg/ha; N 40 kg/ha 30 days after sowing. Before the last ploughing, apply Azospirillum and phosphobacteria 2 kg/ha each and Pseudomonas 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg FYM and 100 kg neem cake. Fertigation: 200:100:100 kg NPK/ha. Hoe and weed three times. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Muskmelon – Application of fertilizers; fertigation; after cultivation, pp. 103–104
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-05
Jasmine1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Pests and diseases: ask before you spray Yellowing of leaves has three main causes: iron deficiency, nematodes and root rot. The source lists chemical treatments for bud worm, blossom midge, red spider mite, nematodes, root rot and Alternaria leaf spot. It also lists Pseudomonas fluorescens: 25 g/m² to the soil and a 5 g/l foliar spray monthly after planting. Choose any chemical only with your local Horticulture or Agriculture Officer. Follow the instructions on the product label. Consult your local Agriculture Officer before use. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Malligai – Plant protection, pp. 250–251
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-05
Tuberose1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Nematodes: biological measures in the source Root-knot nematode: treat bulbs with Pochonia chlamydosporia at 1 kg/ha, then apply 2.5 kg/ha to the soil mixed with 100 kg FYM. Foliar nematode: soak bulbs overnight in neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) before planting. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Tuberose – Plant protection (nematodes), p. 260
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-04
Coconut1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Rhinoceros beetle and red palm weevil: clean-garden measures Rhinoceros beetle: remove and burn dead palms; collect and destroy beetle stages from manure pits whenever manure is lifted; add the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae to manure pits; keep mud pots with castor cake (1 kg in 5 litres of water) to attract and kill adults; hook out adults from the crown at every harvest. Red palm weevil: remove and burn wilting or damaged palms, avoid wounds on the stem and fill stem holes with cement; avoid cutting green leaves, or cut them about 120 cm away from the stem. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Coconut – Pest management (rhinoceros beetle, red palm weevil), pp. 215–218
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-05
Arecanut1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Diseases and disorders: non-chemical measures in the source Bud rot: scoop out infected tissue and treat with Bordeaux paste; remove and destroy affected palms and bunches. Foot rot: isolate affected palms with trenches, cut and destroy severely affected palms, pull out stumps and improve drainage. Stem breaking: wrap the green part of the stem exposed to the south-west sun. Yellow leaf disease: balanced nutrients with extra superphosphate, 1 kg lime and 12 kg organic manure per palm per year. Nematodes: Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis 10 g each. Chemical sprays for mites, spindle bug and leaf spot and Bordeaux drenches are also listed — ask your officer. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Arecanut – Plant protection, p. 224
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-05
Oil palm1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Pests and diseases: non-chemical measures in the source Rhinoceros beetle: trap adults with fermented castor cake or pheromone baits; use the bio-agents Baculovirus oryctes and Metarhizium anisopliae. Red palm weevil: remove damaged and rotten bunches, apply tar to wounds and cuts on the stem, and trap adults with pheromone baits. Basal stem rot: remove and destroy diseased palms and apply 5 kg neem cake per tree per year. Chemical treatments for the compost pit, bud rot and basal stem rot are also listed — ask your officer. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Oil Palm – Plant protection, p. 227
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-05
Coffee1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Pests and diseases: non-chemical measures in the source White stem borer (Arabica under poor shade): keep optimum shade; trace and uproot infested plants in March and September; pheromone traps (25/ha) if severe; rub off loose scaly bark. Berry borer: harvest on time and thoroughly, pick up gleanings and leftover berries, remove off-season berries, avoid excess shade, prune for ventilation, and dry berries to the right moisture (parchment 10%, Arabica cherry 10.5%, Robusta cherry 11%). Shot-hole borer: prune affected branches. Scales and mealybugs: release Cryptolaemus beetles (300 per acre). Black root rot: dig out and burn infected bushes, trench around the spot, and do not replant for 18 months. Chemical options for these and for rust, black rot and collar rot are also listed — ask your officer. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Coffee – Plant protection, pp. 199–200
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-05
Rubber1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Pests and diseases: non-chemical measures in the source Mealybug: fish oil rosin soap 25 g/l and release of Cryptolaemus beetles (10 per tree). Pink disease: inspect trees in July–September and apply Bordeaux paste early; prune and burn dried branches. Brown root disease: open the roots and prune dead ones. Avoid rubber accumulating at the base of trees. Chemical and copper sprays for leaf fall, powdery mildew, leaf spots, bark canker and rots are also listed — ask your officer. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Rubber – Plant protection, pp. 210–211
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-05
Cocoa1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Pests and diseases: non-chemical measures in the source Tea mosquito bug: monitor regularly and remove alternate hosts such as neem, cashew and guava. Mealybug: monitor, remove weed hosts like Parthenium, destroy infested parts, use neem oil 2% for light attacks, and release Cryptolaemus beetles (10 per tree). Stem canker and pink disease: remove or prune affected parts and apply Bordeaux paste. Chemical sprays and rodent baits are also listed — ask your officer. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Horticulture Crops 2020 (Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Cocoa – Plant protection, pp. 206–207
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-05
Mulberry (sericulture)1 recommendations
Full guide for this crop →Pests: non-chemical measures in the source Tukra (pink mealybug): cut and burn affected shoots, release predatory beetles (Cryptolaemus 750/ha or Scymnus 1000/ha) or Chrysoperla eggs (2500/ha), and spray neem oil 3% with a wetting agent. Thrips: neem oil 3% is also listed. Leaf webber: irrigate right after pruning. Chemical sprays with waiting periods before feeding leaves to silkworms are also listed — ask your Sericulture or Agriculture Officer. Pending expert review - Source
- Crop Production Guide – Agriculture 2020 (Directorate of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU)), Sericulture – Mulberry pest and disease management, p. 365
- Region
Tamil Nadu - Last updated
- 2026-11-05